Piston



A. LQ'R; BERNARD 112024369,

` ilgd May 28, 1934 H HIIHHHHH Louis Ren Bernard @Mffem j A 15 .necting rod.

Patented Dec. 17, 1935 f s UNITED STATES PATENTv ofFFlcEff v PISTON y Augustev Louis Ren Bernard, Rueil-Malmaison, l

France; Rene Bernard (nee Bournonville) executor of said Auguste Louis Ren Bernard, Y

deceased Application May 2s, 1934, serial No. vzsms y rnelgium June 2o, 193s" a' f usciaima (ci. sos-15') The presentinvention relates to pistons. f It yis in the manner'that will'behereinafter described more particularly concerned with'pistonfs for inwith reference to Figs. 1 and 2.

ternal combustion engines and especially engines The inside elementb canot course bev madefin of the two-stroke type, in which the pistons are any suitable manner but I have found that it is 5 subjected to verylhigh pressures. advantageous to give it the following structure:A 5'

The object of the present invention is to pro- I flrstmake,`by stamping 'and by meansfof any vide a piston of simplified construction and of suitable Adiesytwo parts b1 'andlj2 such that when improvedeiiciency. they are juxtaposed'to'ea'ch other'theyr-form a.`

The piston according to the present invention composite piece correspondingv toelement b." includes a. tubular element 4adapted to constitute Preferably, these parts b1 and l)2 areemade of 10 at least a portion of the piston skirt, and a second such a shapethat each of them constitutes sub-- n a element adapted to bev inserted and fixed in said stantially one half of elementvb cut alongl a dia-- first mentioned element and carrying a Cross metrical plane ,at'right angles to the axis of the piece arranged to act as a wrist pin for the conwristpn to be carried by element b- Other features of my invention will result from vided with a projection capable' of forming at the following detailed description thereof. least Aa portion sof the wrist'p'i'n, orpreferably act- A preferred embodiment of the present 'inven-s l ing as a supportfor a sleeve which constitutes tion-will be hereinafter described with reference Wrist pin. f

zo to the accompanying drawing, given merely by For instance, asshown'in'Figs; l'and 2, each of 20 way of example and in which: these parts b1 and b2. isprovided with a-"hollowf l Fig; 1 is a sectional view at right angles to the projection` b1?, 112 respectively.v These A`projecwrist pin of a piston for an internal combustion tions-are preferably made f .identic'l Shapes engine, according to the present invention; v and so arranged that When parts b1, b2 are juxta-4r Fig. 2 is an axial sectional viewat right angles posed to each other, projections bu'b20 are dis- 2|;y

t0 Fig. 1, y l posed in line witheach other, preferablyabutting In order to obtain a piston according yto the against each other soas to form a cross pieceon present invention I provide a tubular element which can be slipped, bfOre juxtaposition of said made of a strong metal, for` instance i steel, parts, a sleeve d adapted to form the wrist pin.

a0 adapted to constitute at least afportion of the The parts b1 and b2 are then gassembled'to- 30 piston skirt. I may for instance make use of a ge'her, eithelby electrical Welding,01",preferably,

tubular element a constituting the whole'of the OICill'g the VariOuSDarS into one another.l For piston skirt, as shown in the drawing, instance plOjeCtiOllS bw, b2 ale fOlCed int() tube 0f course, when this 'tubmar element a cond, eventually after assembling the connecting rod 35 stitutes an important portion of the piston skirt, With the 'Wrist P111- 35 it is provided with grooves adapted tol receive HOWel/el, Whensaid end B01191011 Ofth Piston l packing rings. should preferably be added to the piston skirt'l A Second dement b, made of any suitable metan and especially when it must include a central elefor instance Steel, carrying Bici-oss piece capable ment el made ar metal adapted resist 40 of forming the wrist pin is then providedl This temperatures, I make it aswill be hereinafter de- 4o element b is advantageously given the shape of a scribed Wth reference t0 the drawing is being portion of a.v cylindrical tube in which is provided assumed that tubulsrf elemsnt a constitutes at the cross piece above mentioned. e least the upper portion of the lateral walls of the v Anywa uns dement b is so devised a t b p able of geing inserted, in suitable positsigono iii The upper portion'of tubular element. 1s pro' 45 tubular element a, so as to be at least partly sur-` vided with an axial hole extending down to the level of an annular shoulder f providedin said gdeby said element a and to. be rigidly nxed element, this shoulder being forinstance located v at a distance from the u er face of the iston To this eiect, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, eleequal to the radius of saippiston. vp. '50 ments a and b are so shaped that they can be v I provide an end piecee. advantageously made forced into one another, these elements being of a light metal Such s aluminium adapted to' then given COITSSDUIldDS Surfaces 0f Conta-Ct t in said hole, preferably with a clearance which These elements a and b may be further fixed tois too small for permitting the free duatanon of At least one of' these parts b1 and b2 is/pros'slfa gether through any suitable means, :or instance said end piece in order 'to ensure agcod contact 55 between' the inner walls of said hole and the outer walls of end piece e, and therefore a satisfactory transmission of heat through the surfaces of contact.

I may even, advantageously, coat said surfaces of contact with a layer of a metal that is a good conductor of heat, such for instance as copper or even silver.

The inner face of said end piece e may, for instance, be given an ogival shape, so that its thickness in the longitudinal direction increases from the center toward the periphery, in order tofacilitate the flow of heat.

A suitable packing element g is provided between the bottom of end piece e and shoulder f.

Another packing means is provided between a flange h extending at the periphery of the upper part of end piece e and theupper edge of tubular element a. Said packing means may for instance consist, as shownin the drawing, of an annular element i, made forinstanc of copper.

Finally, end piece e is secured to the piston through any suitable means, for instance as it will be hereinafter described.

In the embodiment shown in the drawing, I make use of a single rod :i connected, on the one hand, at its upper end, to the end piece of the piston, preferably in the central part thereof, and on the other hand, at its lower end.through a transverse element Ic vengages beneath suitable portions of tubular element a (said portions consisting, in the examplev shown, of the annular projection f above mentioned, which is carried by the inner wall of tubular element a).

This means of xing the end piece to the piston is particularly advantageous when the end piece ofthe piston includes, in its central part, an element e1 distinct from said end piece e.

Rod j can then be utilized for keeping element el applied against end piece e. y

In this case, as shown by the drawing, end piece e is provided with an axial hole adapted to accommodate a corresponding portion of `element el. This element e1, thus inserted in said hole,

` is provided with a screw threaded blind hole adapted to receive the free end of rod 7'.

- Element e1 is then screwed on the screw threaded upper end of rod i after end piece e has been inserted in position in .tubular element a and the Vthrough the mass ot end piece e, made of a metal which is a good conductor of heat and then through the large surfaces of contact provided between end piece e and'tubular element a.

Whatever be the means for fixing end piece e to the remainder of the piston, said means can also serveto x element b in position, especially when said element has been secured to tubular element a by being forced therein.

In the latter case, element b is so devised that its upper edge may bear against the lower edge of the annular projection f of tubular element a. This upper edge of kelement b is provided with an inwardly extending annular iiange m under which, once element b has been iitted in position, the ends of the transverse part k of rod 7 can be applied.

. end piece e, tubular element a and element b will be securely assembled together.

The advantages of the piston according to the 5 present invention, a specific embodiment of which has been above' described, are the considerable strength of the wrist pin thereof and the large surface of contact between the connecting rod and said pin, so that this piston will be particu- 10 larly well adapted to resist the very high pressures that are developed in some internal combustion engines. y 4

While I have, in the above description, disclosed what I deem to be a practical and efficient 15 embodiment of myinvention, it should be well understood that I do not Wish to be limited thereto as there might be changes made in the arrangement, disposition and form of the parts without departing from the principle of my in- 20 vention as comprehended within the scope 'of the appended claims.

' What I claim is:

1. A piston especially for use in an internal combustion engine, which comprises in combina- 25,

tion,ia tubular element forming at least a portion of the piston skirt, a compositev element, means to secure said composite element inside said tubular element, ksaid composite element having lateral walls and being-made of two parts 30 the peripheral portions of each of said parts constituting about one half of the lateralwalls ol.'A said composite element, said parts being joined along an axial plane of the piston, radial projections carried by saidparts respectively, and vfunc- 35 tionally integral therewith, said projections beingin lineA with `each othei when said parts are assembled together, and a sleeve surrounding both of said projections and forming the wrist pin of the piston. 40 2. A piston, -especially for use .inr an internal combustionv engine, comprising in combination a tubular element forming at least a portion of the piston skirt, a second element, a cross-piece carried by vsaid second element and forming the 45 wrist pin of the piston, an end piece forming the upper face of said piston and means for securing both said end piece and said second element to rsaid first element, said end-piece including a peripheral portion bearing upon said tubular ele- 50 l ment,` and a central portion tightly iltting in said peripheral portion, said central portion having a hole Land screw threads in said hole, said securing means comprising a rod threadedly enr gaging in said hole and means at the other end d" of said rod for securing the same to said second element.k

3. A piston, especially for use in an internal combustion engine, comprising in combination a tubular element forming at least a portion of the piston skirt, asecond element, projections extending inwardly from said second element, a cross-piece carried by said ysecond element and forming the wrist pin of thepiston, an end piece forming the upper i'ace of said piston and means for securing both said end piece and saidv second element to said first element, said end piece includinga peripheral portion bearing upon said tubular element, and a central portion tightly 7o tting inv said peripheral portion, said central portion having a hole and screw threads in said hole, said securing means comprising a rod threadedlyengaging in said hole and flanged portions at the other end of said rod, said anged piston skirt, a composite element, means to sei cure said composite element inside said tubular element, said composite element having lateral walls and being made oi two parts each of which corresponds to a portion oi the lateral walls of said composite element, radial projections extending from said parts and being integral there- Awith, said projections being in line'with each other when said parts are assembled together and a sleeve surrounding both of said projections and forming the wrist pin of said piston, an end piece forming the upper face of said piston and -means for securing said end piece and said composite element to said tubular element.

- 5. A piston, especially for use in an internal combustion engine, comprising in combination a tubular element forming at least a portion of the piston skirt, a`composite element, means to se- Y cure said composite element inside said tubular Cil element, said composite element having lateral walls and being made of two parts each of which ,corresponds to a portion of the lateral walls of said composite element, radial projections extending from said parts and being integral therewith, said projections being in line' with each other and having their faces in contact with one another when said parts are assembled together and a sleeve surrounding both of said projections and forming the wrist pin of said piston, an end piece forming the upper face of said piston and means' for securing said end piece and said composite element to said tubular element.

6. A piston, especially for use in an internal combustion engine, comprising in combination a tubular element forming at least a portion of the piston skirt, a composite element, means to secure said composite element inside said tubular element, said composite element having lateral walls and consisting of two substantially identical parts, said parts being joined along an axial plane of the piston, radial projections extending from said parts and being integral therewith, said projections being in line with each other and having their faces in contact with one another when said parts are assembled so as to form the wrist pin of said piston, an end piece forming the upper face of said piston and means for securing said end piece and said composite element to said tubular element.

'7. A piston, especially for use in an internal combustion engine, comprising in combination a tubular element forming at least a portion of the piston skirt, a composite element, means to secure said composite element inside said tubular element, said composite element having lateral walls and being made oi two substantially identical parts, 'said parts being joined along an axial plane of the piston, radial projections extending from said parts and being integral therewith, said projections being in line with each other and having their faces in contact with one another when said parts are assembled so as to form the wrist pin oi said piston, an end piece forming the upper face of said piston and means for securing said end piece and said composite element to said tubular element, said end i piece including a peripheral portion'bearing upon said tubular element and a central portion tightly iltting in said peripheral portion, said central portion having a hole and screw threads in said hole, said securing means comprising aired.: 'd

threadediy engaging in saidliole and means at the other end of saidrod for securin'gthe same y A to saidcomposite element. f

`8. -A piston, especially fiyriusey inv an internal,` 5l

combustion` engine, comprising in combination a tubular element forming atleast a portion-of f the pistonskirt, a composite element, means to securetsaid compositeelement inside s aidfti'xbularl 5 element, said composite element havingy lateral J.

walls and being made o f two substantially identical parts, said parts being joined along an axial piane of the piston, radial projections extending from said parts and being integral therewith, said projections being in line with each other and having their faces in contact ,withl one another when said parts are assembled so as to form the ,wrist pin of said piston,.an endl piece forming\ the upper face of said piston and means for securing said end piece and said composite element to said tubular element, said end piece including a peripheralportion bearing upon said tubular element and a central portion tightlyiltting in said peripheral portion, said central portion having a hole and screw threads in said hole, said securing means comprising a rod threadedly engaging in said hole and/flanged portions at the other end of said rod, inwardly directed iianges on said identical parts,vsaidflanged portions engaging with said flanges to secure said v tubular element forming at least ay portion oi the piston skirt, a composite element, means tovsecure said composite element inside said tubular element, said composite element having lateral f walls and being made of two substantially identical parts, said parts being joined along an axial plane of the piston, radial projections extending from saidparts and being integral therewith, said projections being in line with each other and having their faces in contact with one another when said parts are assembled; a sleeve surrounding both of said projections and forming the wrist pin ofA said piston, an end piece forming the upper face of said piston and means for secur-l ing said end piece and said composite element 4 end piece, said peripheral portion and said iden- 0- tical parts to said tubular element. I .10. 'A piston especially for use in anxinternal combustion engine, which comprises in combination, a tubular element formingy at least a portion of the piston skirt, a composite element, 05 means to secure said composite element inside said tubular element, said composite element having-lateral walls and being made of two parts, the peripheral portions of each of said parts con- I stituting a portion of the lateral walls of saidf' composite element, radiall projections carried by e. said parts respectively and functionally inte--` gral therewith, said projections being in line with eachother when said parts are assembled tof Vgether, and a sleeve surrounding both said-75 internal f d 4 Y :mammiel said tubular element, said composite element having lateral walls und being made of two parts, 1o the peripheral portions'ofjeachoi siiid'parts constituting a portion o1' the lateral walls of said composite element, radial projections carried by said parts respectively and functionally integral therewith, said projections being in line with each other and having their faces in contact with one another when said parts are Aassembled together, and a sleeve surrounding both of said projections and forming the wrist pin of the piston.

AUGUS'I'E LOUIS REN BERNARD. 10 

